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Air Fuel Ratio

The ratio 14:1 used to burn 14 parts of air by one part of fuel (by weight) to form a more efficient mixture to achieve maximum power rather than the stoichiometrically correct ratio of 14.7 : 1, which is maintained in a three – way catalyst engine, is called Air Fuel ratio. The ordinary engines run on weak mixtures with air/ fuel ratios in the region of 15/16: 1whereas lean – burn engines run on still weaker engines under the air/ fuel ratio of 18 – 20: 1, during part – throttling.

 

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In theory stoichiometric mixture has sufficient amount of air to burn the available fuel. But it is next to impossible to achieve this practically due to short time available in an internal combustion engine in every combustion cycle. Most of the combustion process takes place approximately in 4–5 milliseconds at an engine speed of 6,000 revolutions to the minute (100 revolutions per second or 10 milliseconds per revolution).
 
A bad thing abouta stoichiometric mixture is that it burns at very temperature and can probably damage components of engine if placed under high load of this air – fuel mixture. Due to high temperatures of this stoichiometric mixture the pinging/ knocking of the air – fuel mix is possible under such high loads. Other terms used for Air – Fuel Ratios in various fields are: Mixture, Fuel–air ratio (FAR), Air–fuel equivalence ratio (λ), Fuel–air equivalence ratio (?), Mixture fraction and Percent excess combustion air.
 

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